![]() As obligate biotrophs, AMF depend on host-derived carbon to complete their life cycle, and hosts have been estimated to transfer up to 20% to their photosynthetically fixed carbon to fungi 8. Plant AMF symbiosis can be critically important in the development of sustainable agriculture, remediation of polluted lands and ecological restoration of degraded sites, such as mines 7. Despite their common occurrence and evidence of their association with land plants since their appearance 460 million years ago 5, 6, our knowledge of the genetics and diversity of AMF remains limited. Fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota are ubiquitous hypogeous microorganisms that live in symbiosis with 80% of the world’s vascular land plants 3, 4. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are among these organisms and have been successfully used in both fields 2. As a means towards developing sustainable agriculture, soil organisms that are considered plant bio-fertilizer have been used for biotechnological applications to agronomy and the environment. Developing a sustainable crop production will require a shift from industrial crops, which generally rely on mono-cropping, the intensive application of commercial fertilizers, and the heavy use of pesticides and other inputs that are damaging to the environment, communities, and farm workers 1. The main challenge is to develop and promote food and livelihood systems that have greater environmental, economic and social resilience to risk. Fast, accurate and inexpensive molecular mass determination and the possibility of automation make MALDI-TOF-MS a real alternative to conventional morphological and molecular methods for AMF identification.Īgriculture will face significant challenges in the 21 st century, largely due to the need to increase global food supply under the declining availability of soil, land and water resources, the environmental impacts of chemical inputs and the declining resources of mineral phosphate fertilizers. AMF identification by MALDI biotyping could be highly useful, not only for research but also in agricultural and environmental applications. Nineteen isolates belonging to fourteen species, seven genera and five families were clearly differentiated by MALDI biotyping at the species level, and intraspecific differentiation was achieved for the majority. Here, we show that Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry proteomic-based biotyping is a highly efficient approach for AMF identification. However, these methods require considerable expertise and are not well-adapted for “routine” quality control of culture collections and inoculum production. DNA sequence data have successfully been used to study the evolutionary relationships of AMF, develop molecular identification tools and assess their diversity in the environment. ![]() Identification of these fungi was traditionally performed based on their spore morphology. These fungi play an important role in plant growth, but their taxonomic identification remains a challenge for academic research, culture collections and inoculum producers who need to certify their products. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are mutualistic symbionts associated with majority of land plants. ![]()
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